Catnip is a plant known scientifically as Nepeta cataria, which is a member of the mint family. It is a popular herb that has been used for centuries for its medicinal properties and as a natural insect repellent. However, cat owners may be more familiar with its effect on feline behavior. When cats come in contact with catnip, they often exhibit a series of behaviors, including rubbing their face and body against it, rolling around on the ground, and sometimes vocalizing or becoming hyperactive. But what is catnip, and what chemical in catnip makes cats react to it?

Catnip contains a chemical compound called nepetalactone, which is the active ingredient responsible for the plant’s psychoactive effects on cats. Nepetalactone is a type of terpenoid, a class of organic compounds found in many plants that are responsible for their distinct aromas and flavors. In catnip, nepetalactone is found in the plant’s leaves, stems, and seeds. When a cat comes into contact with catnip, they will sniff, chew, or rub against the plant, which causes nepetalactone to be released into the air.

The exact mechanism by which nepetalactone affects cats is not entirely clear. However, it is believed that the compound mimics a pheromone found in the urine of male cats, which can cause a female cat to enter a state of euphoria or sexual excitement. This behavior is thought to be an evolutionary adaptation that allows cats to become more receptive to mating during their reproductive cycles. Male cats may also be affected by catnip, but their response is typically less intense and less common than that of females.

Interestingly, not all cats react to catnip. The sensitivity to nepetalactone is inherited, and it is estimated that around two-thirds of cats are susceptible to its effects. Kittens under six months of age and older cats may also be less responsive to catnip. Additionally, the potency of catnip can vary depending on the plant’s age, growing conditions, and storage.

In conclusion, catnip is a plant that contains the chemical compound nepetalactone, which is responsible for the psychoactive effects it has on cats. When cats come in contact with catnip, they may exhibit a series of behaviors, including rubbing against it, rolling on the ground, and becoming hyperactive. The exact mechanism by which nepetalactone affects cats is not entirely clear, but it is thought to mimic a pheromone found in the urine of male cats, which can cause female cats to enter a state of euphoria or sexual excitement. However, not all cats are susceptible to the effects of catnip, and the potency of the plant can vary.

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