The chemical compound in catnip that affects cats is called nepetalactone. Nepetalactone is a type of terpene, a group of organic compounds that are commonly found in plants and have a wide range of biological effects.

When cats come into contact with catnip, they detect the scent of nepetalactone and experience a range of behaviors, including rubbing, rolling, and licking. This response is thought to be related to the chemical’s effect on the cat’s olfactory system, which is responsible for detecting and processing smells.

Nepetalactone is found primarily in the leaves and stems of the catnip plant, which is a member of the mint family. The compound is believed to be produced by the plant as a natural defense mechanism against herbivores, as it has been shown to repel certain insects and other pests.

While nepetalactone is the primary active ingredient in catnip, other compounds found in the plant may also contribute to its effects. For example, some studies have suggested that a compound called valerianic acid, which is also found in catnip, may enhance the herb’s sedative effects.

Interestingly, not all cats are affected by nepetalactone. Sensitivity to catnip is believed to be genetic, and it’s estimated that around 70-80% of cats are affected by the chemical. Kittens typically do not respond to catnip until they are a few months old, and some cats may become habituated to the effects of catnip over time and no longer show a strong response.

Overall, nepetalactone is the primary chemical compound in catnip that affects cats. Its effects on cats are the subject of ongoing research, and scientists continue to study its potential applications in fields such as animal behavior and pest control.

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